TOEFL READING + KUNCI JAWABAN
SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION
Time-55 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 55 minutes.
This
section is designed to measure the ability to read and understand short
passages similar in topic and style to those found in North American
universities and colleges.
Directions:
In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by
a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer,
A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter of the answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Read the following passage:
John
Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States
from 1825 to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship
and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service, both in the
presidency and in the various other political offices that he held.
Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in
freedom of speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to
be free from European and Asian domination.
Example I
To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life?
(A) Improving his personal life
(B) Serving the public
(C) Increasing his fortune
(D) Working on his private business
According to the passage, John Quincy Adams "dedicated his life to public service." Therefore, you should choose (B).
Example II
In line 4, the word "unswerving" is closest in meaning to
(A) movable
(B) insignificant
(C) unchanging
(D) diplomatic
The
passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving
belief "throughout his career." This implies that the belief did not
change. Therefore, you should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.
Questions 1-9
Carbon
tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can be
produced by combining carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is
widely used in industry today because of its effectiveness as a solvent
as well as its use in the production of propellants.
Despite
its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned
for home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient
in cleaning compounds that were used throughout the home, but it was
found to be dangerous: when heated, it changes into a poisonous gas that
can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled. Because of
this dangerous characteristic, the United States revoked permission for
the home use of carbon tetrachloride in 1970. The United States has
taken similar action with various other chemical compounds.
1. The main point of this passage is that
A. carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
B. the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
C. although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not allowed in home products.
D. carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds
2. The word “widely” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by
A. grandly
B. extensively
C. largely
D. hugely
3. The word “banned” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A. forbidden
B. allowed
C. suggested
D. instituted
4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was
A. used by itself as a cleanser
B. banned in industrial use
C. often used as a component of cleaning products
D. not allowed in home cleaning products
5. It is stated in the passage that when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes
A. harmful
B. colorless
C. a cleaning compound
D. inflammable
6. The word “inhaled” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A. warmed
B. breathed in
C. carelessly used
D. blown
7. The word “revoked” in line 8 could most easily be replaced by
A. gave
B. granted
C. instituted
D. took away
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to
A. regulate product safety
B. prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
C. instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
D. ban the use of any chemicals
9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A. additional uses of carbon tetrachloride
B. the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government
C. further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride
D. the major characteristic of carbon tetrachloride
Questions 10-19
The
next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler; he is
included in this survey of American artist because he was born in the
United States, although the majority of his artwork was completed in
Europe. Whistler was born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later
his father moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the
construction of a railroad. The family returned to the United States in
1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military academy at West
Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age of twenty-one Whistler
went to Europe to study art despite familial objections, and he
remained in Europe until his death.
Whistler
worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs.
However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement
in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist’s Mother or Whistler’s
Mother, as it is more commonly known. This painting shows a side view of
Whistler’s mother, dressed I black and posing against a gray wall. The
asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with his mother seated off-center,
is highly characteristic of Whistler’s work.
10. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses
A. A survey of eighteenth-century art
B. a different American artist
C. Whistler’s other famous paintings
D. European artists
11. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?
A. Several artists are presented
B. One artist’s life and works are described
C. Various paintings are contrasted
D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.
12. Whistler is considered an American artist because
A. he was born in America
B. he spent most of his life in Americat
C. he served in the U.S. military
D. he created most of his famous art in America
13. The world “majority” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
A. seniority
B. maturity
C. large pices
D. high percentage
14. It is implied in the passage that Whistler’s family was
A. unable to find any work at all in Rusia
B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
C. working class
D. military
15. The word “objections” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A. protests
B. goals
C. agreements
D. battles
16. In line 8, the “etchings” are
A. a type of painting
B. the same as a lithograph
C. an art form introduced by Whistler
D. an art form involving engraving
17. The word “asymmetrical” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
A. proportionate
B. uneven
C. balanced
D. lyrical
18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?
A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.
B. Whistler’s Mother is not the official name of his painting.
C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.
D. Whistler’s Mother is painted in somber tones.
19. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler was involved in?
A. Lines 1-3
B. Lines 4-5
C. Lines 6-7
D. Lines 8-10
Questions 20-30
The
locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to
the naked eye to change, and as a result stars are often considered to
be fixed in position. Many unaware stargazers falsely assume that each
star has its own permanent home in the nighttime sky.
In
reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous
distances between stars themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes
are barely perceptible here. An example of a rather fast-moving star
demonstrates why this misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200
years for a relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to move a
distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the earth's moon. When
the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with the
movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.
20. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
a. What the eye can see in the sky
b. Bernard's star
c. Planetary Movement
d. The Evermoving stars
21. The expression "naked eye" in line 1 most probably refers to
a. a telescope
b. a scientific method for observing stars
c. unassisted vision
d. a camera with a powerful lens
22. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are
a. barely perceptible
b. huge
c. fixed
d. moderate
23. The word "perceptible" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. noticeable
b. persuasive
c. conceivable
d. astonishing
24. In line 6, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a (n)
a. idea
b. proven fact
c. erroneous belief
d. theory
25. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move
a. around Earth's moon
b. next to the earth's moon
c. a distance equal to the distance from earth to the moon
d. a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the moon
26. The passage implies that from earth it appears that the planets
a. are fixed in the sky
b. move more slowly than the stars
c. show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
d. travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars
27. The word "negligible" in line 8 could most easily be replaced by
a. negative
b. insignificant
c. rapid
d. distant
28. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
a. starts do not appear to the eye to move.
b. the large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify movement to the eye
c. Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars
d. although stars move, they seem to be fixed
29. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses
a. the movement of the planets
b. Bernard's star
c. the distance from earth to the moon
d. why stars are always moving
30. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
a. astrology
b. geophysics
c. astronomy
d. geography
Questions 31-40
It
has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted divorces on
fault grounds: one spouse is deemed to be at fault in causing the
divorce. More and more today, however, divorces are being granted on a
no-fault basis.
Proponents
of no-fault divorces argue that when a marriage fails, it is rarely the
case that one marriage partner is completely to blame and the other
blameless. A failed marriage is much more often the result of mistakes
by both partners.
Another
argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving fault in court,
in a public arena, is a destructive process that only serves to lengthen
the divorce process and that dramatically increases the negative
feelings present in a divorce. If a couple can reach a decision to
divorce without first deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce
settlement can be negotiated more easily and equitably and the
postdivorce healing process can begin more rapidly.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?
a. Traditional grounds for divorce
b. Who is at fault in a divorce
c. Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common
d. The various reasons for divorces
32. The word "spouse" in line 1 is closest in meaning to a
a. judge
b. problem
c. divorce decree
d. marriage partner
33. according to the passage, no-fault divorces
a. are on the increase
b. are the traditional form of divorce
c. are less popular that they used to be
d. were granted more in the past
34. It is implied in the passage that
a. there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces
b. not all divorces today are no-fault divorces
c. a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce
d. people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce
35. The word "proponents" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Advocates
b. Recipients
c. Authorities
d. Enemies
36. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can
a. be satisfying to the wronged spouse
b. lead to a shorter divorce process
c. reduce negative feelings
d. be a harmful process
37. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor of no-fault divorce?
a. Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce
b. A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees
c. Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings
d. A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate
38. The word "present" in line 9 could most easily be replaced by
a. existing
b. giving
c. introducing
d. resulting
39. The word "settlement" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
a. development
b. serenity
c. discussion
d. agreement
40. The tone of this passage is
a. emotional
b. enthusiastic
c. expository
d. reactionary
Questions 41-50
Whereas
literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had
been largely religious and moral in tone, by the latter half of the
century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to life in the colonies
began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which in turn
served to further influence the population. Although not all writers of
this period supported the Revolution, the two best-known and most
influential writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly
supportive of that cause.
Ben
Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his
brother's newspaper, the New England Current. In these articles he used a
simple style of language and common sense argumentation to defend the
point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued with
the same common sense practicality and appeal to the common man with
his work on Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly
established in his popular acceptance by the people, Franklin wrote a
variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets about the
colonist's revolutionary cause against England.
Thomas
Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at
the time of the Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared
in 1776, was a force in encouraging the colonists to declare their
independence from England. Then throughout the long and desperate war
years he published a series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783) to
encourage the colonists to continue on with the struggle. The
effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet
oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England
as a classic struggle of good and evil.
41. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses
a. how literature influence the population
b. religious and moral literature
c. literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
d. what made Thomas Paine's literature successful
42. The word "fervor" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
a. war
b. anxiety
c. spirit
d. action
43. The word "time" in line 3 could best be replaced by
a. hour
b. period
c. appointment
d. duration
44. It is implied in the passage that
a. some writers in the American colonies supported England during the Revolution
b. Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
c. because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against the colonies
d. authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the Revolution
45. The pronoun "he" in line 8 refers to
a. Thomas Paine
b. Ben Franklin
c. Ben Franklin's brother
d. Poor Richard
46. The expression "point of view" in line 9 could best be replaced by
a. perspective
b. sight
c. circumstance
d. trait
47. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is
a. pragmatic
b. erudite
c. theoretical
d. scholarly
48. The word "desperate" in line 16 could best be replaced by
a. unending
b. hopeless
c. strategic
d. combative
49. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of writing?
a. lines 4-6
b. lines 8-9
c. lines 14-15
d. lines 18-20
50. The purpose of the passage is to
a. discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteen century
b. give biographical data on two American writers
c. explain which authors supported the Revolution
d. describe the literary influence during revolutionary America
Kunci Jawaban TOEFL Reading
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