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Passive Voice (Pertemuan 1)

By Ubet Zubaidi Post a Comment

Passive voice (kalimat pasif) dalam bahasa Inggris adalah konstruksi kalimat di mana fokus utamanya adalah pada objek atau hasil dari suatu tindakan, bukan pada pelakunya. Dalam kalimat pasif, pelaku tindakan seringkali tidak disebutkan atau dianggap kurang penting. Fokus ini berlawanan dengan active voice (kalimat aktif), di mana subjek atau pelaku menjadi pusat perhatian.

Ciri-Ciri Passive Voice

  • Kalimat pasif biasanya menggunakan bentuk to be (seperti am, is, are, was, were) diikuti oleh past participle (V3) dari kata kerja utama.
  • Kata "by" sering digunakan untuk menyebutkan pelaku, namun bisa dihilangkan jika pelakunya tidak penting atau sudah jelas dari konteks.

 

Berikut adalah formula aktif dan pasif untuk semua tenses dalam bahasa Inggris, termasuk contoh penggunaannya, serta penggunaan modal (can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would).

1. Simple Present

  • Aktif: Subject + V1 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef cooks the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal is cooked by the chef.

2. Present Continuous

  • Aktif: Subject + am/is/are + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef is cooking the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal is being cooked by the chef.

3. Present Perfect

  • Aktif: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef has cooked the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal has been cooked by the chef.

4. Present Perfect Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + has/have + been + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

5. Simple Past

  • Aktif: Subject + V2 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef cooked the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal was cooked by the chef.

6. Past Continuous

  • Aktif: Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef was cooking the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal was being cooked by the chef.

7. Past Perfect

  • Aktif: Subject + had + V3 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef had cooked the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal had been cooked by the chef.

8. Past Perfect Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + had + been + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

9. Simple Future

  • Aktif: Subject + will + V1 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + will + be + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef will cook the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal will be cooked by the chef.

10. Future Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + will be + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

11. Future Perfect

  • Aktif: Subject + will have + V3 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + will have + been + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef will have cooked the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal will have been cooked by the chef.

12. Future Perfect Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + will have been + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

13. Simple Past Future (Conditional)

  • Aktif: Subject + would + V1 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + would + be + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef would cook the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal would be cooked by the chef.

14. Past Future Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + would be + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

15. Past Future Perfect

  • Aktif: Subject + would have + V3 + Object
  • Pasif: Object + would have + been + V3 + by + Subject
  • Contoh:
    • Aktif: The chef would have cooked the meal.
    • Pasif: The meal would have been cooked by the chef.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous (jarang digunakan dalam pasif)

  • Aktif: Subject + would have been + V-ing + Object
  • Pasif: (tidak umum dalam bentuk pasif)

Penggunaan dengan Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, should, etc.)

Untuk kalimat aktif dan pasif yang menggunakan modal, formulanya adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Aktif: Subject + Modal + V1 + Object
    • Contoh: John can write the report.
  • Pasif: Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject
    • Contoh: The report can be written by John.

Contoh Lain dengan Modal Verbs:

  1. Modal + Present:

    • Aktif: She should finish the work.
    • Pasif: The work should be finished by her.

  2. Modal + Past (dengan menggunakan bentuk modal + have):

    • Aktif: He might have completed the project.
    • Pasif: The project might have been completed by him.

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